Development of Child Neglect and Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents and its Relationship with Various Variables

Hazal Begüm Ünal; Menekşe Boz

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2020) IEJEE

Development of Child Neglect and Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents and its Relationship with Various Variables

Hazal Begüm Ünal
Menekşe Boz

Published October 13, 2020 | Pages: 21-34 | Views: 818

Download PDF

SHARE

Abstract

This study aims to develop a scale for the awareness of the parents about child neglect and abuse and to examine the awareness of the parents of the children who attend preschools according to age, gender, educational status and income status. In the first stage of the research, it was aimed to develop a scale. The validity and reliability studies of the scale were conducted with 595 parents by random sampling method. For the validity of the scale, the number of CVR was determined in line with the opinions of 9 experts and the scale items were arranged. For the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis was performed and total item correlation and item factor loadings were found to be at the desired level. Firstly, 24 parents were identified after the first application for the test-retest reliability study, and the same group was reapplied after 2 weeks and the test-retest reliability number was .802. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated as .814. It was determined that Child Neglect and Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents was a valid and reliable scale. In the second phase of the study, the validity and reliability of the study was completed by using CNAASP to determine whether there was a difference in the awareness of the parents according to the variables of gender, age, education and income. In this study carried out with 144 parents determined by convenience sampling, t-test and ANOVA were used in the analyze according to gender variable, Scheffe Test was performed to determine the source of the differences and it was found that there was a significant difference in mothers' awareness of child neglect and abuse. According to the age variable, there was a significant difference in favor of the parents in the 36-40 age group compared to their parents in the 26-30 age range. As a result of the analysis made by looking at the income status of the parents, a difference was found in favor of the parents with high income status in the emotional abuse subscale. As a result of the analysis of the educational status variable of the parents, it was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference.

<p>This study aims to develop a scale for the awareness of the parents about child neglect and abuse and to examine the awareness of the parents of the children who attend preschools according to age, gender, educational status and income status. In the first stage of the research, it was aimed to develop a scale. The validity and reliability studies of the scale were conducted with 595 parents by random sampling method. For the validity of the scale, the number of CVR was determined in line with the opinions of 9 experts and the scale items were arranged. For the construct validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis was performed and total item correlation and item factor loadings were found to be at the desired level. Firstly, 24 parents were identified after the first application for the test-retest reliability study, and the same group was reapplied after 2 weeks and the test-retest reliability number was .802. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated as .814. It was determined that Child Neglect and Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents was a valid and reliable scale. In the second phase of the study, the validity and reliability of the study was completed by using CNAASP to determine whether there was a difference in the awareness of the parents according to the variables of gender, age, education and income. In this study carried out with 144 parents determined by convenience sampling, t-test and ANOVA were used in the analyze according to gender variable, Scheffe Test was performed to determine the source of the differences and it was found that there was a significant difference in mothers' awareness of child neglect and abuse. According to the age variable, there was a significant difference in favor of the parents in the 36-40 age group compared to their parents in the 26-30 age range. As a result of the analysis made by looking at the income status of the parents, a difference was found in favor of the parents with high income status in the emotional abuse subscale. As a result of the analysis of the educational status variable of the parents, it was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference.</p>

Listen -

References

Adalı, N. (2007). 10-12 yaş grubu çocuk istismarı ebeveyn ve çocuk bilgilendirme çalışması, Tezsiz Yüksek Lisans Programı Dönem Projesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Akbaş, T. ve Sanberk, İ. (2011). Çocuklara yönelik cinsel taciz ve koruyucu eğitim. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Akduman, G. G., Ruban, C., Akduman, B. ve Korkusuz, İ. (2005). Çocuk ve cinsel istismar. Adli Psikiyatri Dergisi, 3(1), 9-14.
Akgül, E. (2015). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında çalışan personelin cinsel istismar bildirim durumları (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Asla, N., Paul, J. ve Perez-Albeniz, A. (2011). Emotional recognition in fathers and mothers at high-risk for child physical abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 35, 712-721.
Banyard, V. L., ve Williams, L. M. (2007). Women's voices on recovery: A multi-method study of the complexity of recovery from child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(3), 275-290.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Harvard University Press.
Bronfenbrenner U (1989) Ecological systems theory. Annals of Child Development 6 içinde, R. Vasta (ed) JAI, Greenwich, CT.
Burlaka, V., Graham-Bermann, S. A., ve Delva, J. (2017). Family factors and parenting in Ukraine. Child Abuse & Neglect, 72, 154-162.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, E. Ö., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (21. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32(32), 470-483.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Pegem A Yayıncılık
Cappa, C., ve Khan, S. M. (2011). Understanding caregivers’ attitudes towards physical punishment of children: evidence from 34 low-and middle-income countries. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(12), 1009-1021.
Chavis, A., Hudnut-Beumler, J., Webb, M. W., Neely, J. A., Bickman, L., Dietrich, M. S., ve Scholer, S. J. (2013). A brief intervention affects parents’ attitudes toward using less physical punishment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(12), 1192-1201.
Crosson- Tower, C. (2005). The role of educators in preventing and responding to child abuse and neglect (6. Baskı). Washington, DC: U.S. Departmant of Health and Human Services.
Çocuk İhmal ve İstismarı Hakkında Genel Bilgi. (2018). Erişim Adresi https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2018_04/05104328_1.Yocuk_Yhmal_ve_YstismarY_HakkYnda_Genel_Bilgi.pdf
Demir, H. (2013). Edirne ili aile sağlığı merkezlerinde görevli hekimlerin çocuk istismarı ve ihmali hakkında bilgi, farkındalık ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Trakya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Edirne.
Doğan, N., Soysal, S., ve Karaman, H. (2017). Aynı örnekleme açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanabilir mi?. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 373-400.
Fassler, I. R., Amodeo, M., Griffin, M. L., Clay, C. M., ve Ellis, M. A. (2005). Predicting long-term outcomes for women sexually abused in childhood: Contribution of abuse severity versus family environment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(3), 269-284.
Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS:(and sex, drugs and rock'n'roll). Sage, 497.
Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen MR. Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods 2008; 6(1): 53-60.
Gilbert, R., Widom, C.S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E. ve Janson, S. (2009). Child maltreatment 1. Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet, 373: 68–81.).
Gilgun, J.F. (2003). Protective factors, resilience and child abuse and neglect. http://www.epi.umn.edu/mch/Healthygenerations/hb4b.html
Göbekçin, T. (2013). Çalınan yarınlar: kadınların çocukken uğradığı cinsel istismarı anlamak ve tedavi etmek. Paloma Yayınevi.
Griffin, M. L., ve Amodeo, M. (2010). Predicting long-term outcomes for women physically abused in childhood: Contribution of abuse severity versus family environment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(10), 724-733.
Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. BRC Matbaacılık.
Kempe, C.H. (1962). The battered child syndrome. Journal Of The American Medical Association, 181, 17–24
Kural- Dıraz, D. (2014). Çocuk istismarı ve ihmaline yönelik diş hekimlerinin farkındalık düzeyleri (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Liel, C., Meinck, F., Steinert, J. I., Kindler, H., Lang, K., ve Eickhorst, A. (2019). Is the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAPI) a valid measure of child abuse potential among mothers and fathers of young children in Germany?. Child Abuse & Neglect, 88, 432-444.
Liu, Y., ve Merritt, D. H. (2018). Familial financial stress and child internalizing behaviors: The roles of caregivers’ maltreating behaviors and social services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 86, 324-335.
Maguire-Jack, K., ve Negash, T. (2016). Parenting stress and child maltreatment: The buffering effect of neighborhood social service availability and accessibility. Children and Youth Services Review, 60, 27-33.
Miragoli, S., Camisasca, E., ve Blasio, P. D. I. (2015). Validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory in Italy. SAGE Open, 5(3).
Osan, F. (2009). Çalışan çocukların istismarı: mobilya işkolu örneği (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Ovayolu, N., Uçan, Ö. ve Serindağ, S. (2007). Çocuklarda cinsel istismar ve etkileri. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 2(4), 13-22.
Özer, G. (2014). Ebeveynlerin çocuk cinsel istismarına dair bilinçleri, endişeleri ve aldıkları önlemler (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, Adli Tıp Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., ve Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis: The use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research. Sage.
Polat, O. (2007). Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk istismarı. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Salzinger, S., Feldman, R.S. ve Hammer, M. (1991). The effect of physical abuse on children’s abuse and the personal consequences for the victims. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 18(1) 64-81.
Sarı, İ. (2010). Emniyet örgütünde görevli anne-babaların fiziksel istismar potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi ve istismarla ilgili aile eğitim programının etkililiği (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Sarıbaş, K. A. (2013). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocuk istismarına yönelik farkındalıklarının belirlenmesi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale.
Schumacker RE, Lomax RG. A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. Taylor & Francis; 2004. p.1-8.
Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal Eşitlik Modelleri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. No.3, S.6, 49-74.
Şimşek ÖF. Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş, Temel İlkeler ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ekinoks; 2007. p.4-22.
Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidel, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson Education Inc.
Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi (5. Baskı). Akademik Yayıncılık.
Tezbaşaran, A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. Ankara: Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
Topçu, S. (2009). Silinmeyen izler. Phoenix Yayınevi.
UNICEF. (2010). Türkiye’de çocuk istismarı ve aile içi şiddet araştırması.
UNICEF. (2015). Unicef Annual Report 2014: Our Story. Unicef.
Uncu, F. (2013). Elazığ ilinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının çocuk ihmal ve istismarı konusunda farkındalık düzeyleri ve bu durumu etkileyen faktörler (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Fırat Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ.
Uslu, R.İ., Kapçı, E.G., Yıldırım, R. ve Öney, A.E. (2010). Sociodemographic characteristics of Turkish parents in relation to their recognition of emotional maltreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect 34, 345-353.
Veneziano, L., ve Hooper, J. (1997). A method of quantifying content validityof health related questionnaires. American Journal of Health Behavior, 21,67-70.
Waltz CF, Strcikland OL, Lenz ER. Measurement in Nursing and Health Research. Springer Publishing Company; 2010. p.176-8.
Wang J, Wang X. Structural Equation Modeling: Applications Using Mplus: methods and applications. West Susex: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. p.5-9.
Warren, E. J., ve Font, S. A. (2015). Housing insecurity, maternal stress, and child maltreatment: An application of the family stress model. Social Service Review, 89(1), 9-39.
World Health Organization. (1999). Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention, 29-31 March 1999, WHO, Geneva.
World Health Organization. (2002). World report on violence and health. WHO, Geneva.
Yalçıntaş- Sezgin, E. (2018). İstismar ve ihmale uğrayan çocuklar ve eğitimleri. Z. Seçer (Ed.), Risk Altındaki Çocuklar ve Eğitimleri. (97-141). Eğiten Kitap

Keywords

child abuse, child neglect, parent, parent awareness, scale devalopment

Affiliations

Hazal Begüm Ünal

Hacettepe University

Menekşe Boz

Hacettepe University

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Ünal, H. B., & Boz, M. (2020). Development of Child Neglect and Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents and its Relationship with Various Variables. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 13(1), 21–34. Retrieved from https://iejee.com/index.php/IEJEE/article/view/1124