References
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: APA Press.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: APA Press.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: APA Press.
Autism Society of USA. (2016). What is Autism? Retrieved from http://www.autismsociety.org/what-is/
Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen, D, L, et al. (2018).Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ 2018;67(No. SS-6):1–23. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1
Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006). Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The special needs and autism project (SNAP). Lancet, 368, 210–215.
Baron-Cohen, S., Scott, F. J., Allison, C., Williams, J., Bolton, P., Matthews, F. E., & Brayne, C. (2009). Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 500–509. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345
Bishop, D.V.M., Whitehouse, A. J. O., Watt, H. J. & Line, E. A. (2008). Autism and diagnostic substitution: evidence from a study of adults with a history of developmental language disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50, 341-345
Blumberg, S. J., Bramlett, M. D., Kogan, M.D., Schieve, L.A., Jones, J. R., & Lu, M. C. (2013).Changes in prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder in school-aged U.S. children: 2007 to 2011–2012 (National Health Statistics Reports No. 65). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Cardinal, D. & Griffiths, A-J. (2016). Summary of findings. Report presentet at the Inagural Disability Summit. Orange: Chapman University, Thompson Policy Institute.
Cardinal, D., & Fraumeni-McBride, J. (2017). Increase in rate of autism likely a factor of definition. Report presented at the Inaugural Disability Summit. Orange, CA: Chapman University, Thompson Policy Institute.
CDC (2008). Prevalence of autism. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html (Accessed December, 10, 2008).
CDC (2014). Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010 Principal Investigators. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 sites, United States, 2010. MMWR Surveillance Summaries 2014; 63(No. SS-2). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
CDC (2016). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Data and Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html (Accessed June 16th, 2016).
Chakrabarti, S. & Fombonne, E. (2005). Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children: confirmation of high prevalence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1133–1141.
Christensen, D. L, Baio, J., Braun, K. V., Bilder, D., Charles, J., Constantino, J. N., . . . Yeargin-Allsopp, M. (2016). Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, Sites, United States, 2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries 2016, 65(No. SS-3), 1–23. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6503a1
Davidovitch, M., Hemo, B., Manning-Courtney, P., & Fombonne, E. (2013). Prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorder in an Israeli population. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 785–793. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1611-z
Eikeseth, S. (2014). God og verdig omsorg. Viten. https://www.aftenposten.no/ viten/i/vm73X/God-og-verdig-omsorg. 09. April, 2014
Ellefsen, A., Kampmann, H., Billstedt, E., Gillberg, I. C. & Gillberg, C. (2007). Autism in the Faroe Islands. An Epidemiological Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(3), 437–444. DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0178-y 123
Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G., Koh, Y.-J., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcín, C., Montiel-Nava, C., Patel, V., Paula, C.S., Wang, C., Yasamy, M.T., & Fombonne, E. (2012). Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Autism Research, 5(3), 160–179.
Fombonne, E. (2005). Epidemological studies of pervasive developmental disorders. I F. Volkmar, R. Raol, A. Klin & D. Cohen (eds.). Handbook of Autism and pervasive developmental disorders. Hoboken, N.J. Wiley.
Fombonne, E. , Marcin, C., Manero, A. C., Bruno, R., Diaz, C., Villalobos, M., Ramsay, K. & Nealy, B. (2016). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Guanajuato, Mexico: The Leon survey. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 46(5), 1669–1685.
Gilberg, C., Cederlund, M., Lamberg, K., & Zeijlon, L. (2006). Brief report: “The autism epidemic.” The registered prevalence of autism in a Swedish urban area. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(3), 429–435.
Green, H., McGinnity, A., Meltzer, H., Ford, T. & Goodman, R. (2005). Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain. Gosport, UK: Palgrave Macmillan/National Statistics.
Gundersen, T. & Hem K.-G, (2005). Brukerundersøkelse blant personer med diagnose innen autismespekteret. Erfaringer med Autismenettverket [User survey among people with a diagnosis within the autism spectrum. Experiences with Autism Network]. 09-15 STF78 A054504.
Hansen, S. N., Schendel, D. E. & Parner, E. T. (2015). Explaining the Increase in the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders The Proportion Attributable to Changes in Reporting Practices. Journal of American Medical Association Pediatrics. 169(1), 56-62. DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1893.
Hart, J. E., & Malian, I. (2013). A statewide survey of special education directors on teacher
preparation and licentiate in autism spectrum disorders: A model for university and state
collaboration. International Journal of Special Education, 28, 4-13.
Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., Banerjee, P.N., Gissler, M., Lampi, K. M., Vanhala, R., Brown, A. S., & Sourander, A. (2014) The incidence of diagnosed autism spectrum disorders in Finland, Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 68:7, 472-480, DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2013.861017
Honda, H., Shimizu, Y., & Rutter, M. (2005). No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: A total population study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 572–579.
Howlin, P. (2008). Autism and diagnostic substitution. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 50(5), 325–325.
Idring, S., Rai, D., Dal, H., Dalman, C., Sturm, H., Zander, E., . . . Magnusson, C. (2012). Autism spectrum disorders in the Stockholm youth cohort: Design, prevalence and validity. PLoS ONE, 7(7). e41280. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041280.
Isaksen, J. (2010). Alvorlige diagnoser krever seriøs behandling. Kronikk i Forskning.no. Lørdag 24. April 2010
Kawamura, Y., Takahashi, O., & Ishii, T. (2008). Reevaluating the incidence of pervasive developmental disorders: Impact of elevated rates of detection through implementation of an integrated system of screening in Toyota, Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 62, 152–159.
Kielinen, M., Linna, S. L., & Moilanen, I. (2000). Autism in Northern Finland. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9, 162–167.
Kim, Y.S., Leventhal, B.L., Koh, Y.J., Fombonne, E., Laska, E., L., Cheon, K-A., Kim, S-J., Lee, H-K., Song, D-H & Grinker, R. R. (2011). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Total Population Sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(9), 904-912.
Lauderdale-Littin, S. & Brennan, M. (2018). Evidence-Based Practices in The Public School: The Role of Preservice Teacher Training. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education. Vol. 10, Issue 3, 369-375. DOI: 10.26822/iejee.2018336195
Lord, C. & Bishop, S.L. (2010). Autism Spectrum Disorders. Diagnosis, Prevalence, and Services for Children and Families. Social Policy Report, 24(2), 1-26.
NAS (2018). What is autism? Retrieved from http://www.autism.org.uk/about/what-is.aspx.
Guelph, Ontario: National Autistic Society.
Norwegian Statistics (2017). Statistics Norway. Retrieved from http://www.ssb.no
Odom, S. L. Boyd, B. A., Hall, L. J., & Hume, K. (2010). Evaluation of comprehensive treatment models for individuals with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 425-436
Oslo Kommune (2017) http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/
Ouellette-Kuntz, H., Coo, H., & Gorski, D. (2012). Findings from the National Epidemiologic Database for the Study of Autism in Canada (NEDSAC). Changes in the Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, and Southeastern Ontario. Kingston, Ontario: NEDSAC, Queen’s University.
Özerk, K. (2016). The issue of prevalence of autism/ASD. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 9(2), 263–306.
Özerk, K. & Cardinal, D. (2018 in press). Prevalence of Autism/ASD among preschool and school-age children in Norway.
Parner, E. T., Schendel, D. E., & Thorsen, P. (2008). Autism prevalence trends over time in Denmark: Changes in prevalence and age at diagnosis. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 162(12), 1150–1156.
Roelfsema, M. T., Hoekstra, R. A., Allison, C., Wheelwright, S., Brayne, C., Matthews, F. E., & Baron Cohen, S. (2012). Are autism spectrum conditions more prevalent in an information-technology region? A school-based study of three regions in the Netherlands. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(5), 734–739.
Saemundsen, E., Magnússon, P., Georgsdóttir,I., Egilsson, E. & Rafnsson, V. (2013). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in an Icelandic birth cohort. BMJ Open 2013;3:e002748. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002748
Stoltenberg, C., Schjølberg, S., Bresnahan, M., Hornig, M., Hirtz, D., Dahl, C., . . . Lipkin, W. I. (2010). The autism birth cohort: A paradigm for gene-environment-timing research. Molecular Psychiatry, 15, 676–680.
Surén, P., Bakken, I. J., Aase, H., Chin, R., Gunnes, N., Lie, K. K., . . . Stoltenberg, C. (2012). Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy in Norwegian children. Pediatrics, 130, 152–158.
Surén, P., Bakken, I.J., Lie, K.K., Schjølberg, S., Aase, H., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Magnus, P., Øyen, A-S., Kveim Svendsen, B., Aaberg, K.M., Andersen, L.G. & Stoltenberg, C. (2013). Differences across counties in the registered prevalence of autism, ADHD, epilepsy and cerebral palsy in Norway. Tidsskrift for Norrsk Legeforening 133, 1929 – 1934.
Tebruegge, M., Nandini, V., & Ritchie, J. (2004). Does routine child health surveillance contribute to the early detection of children with pervasive developmental disorders? – An epidemiological study in Kent, U.K. BMC Pediatrics, 4, 4. http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-4-4
WHO (1994). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva, World Health Organization.
WHO (2018). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems11th Revision (ICD-11). Geneva, World Health Organization.
Williams, J. G., Higgins,J.P.T. & Brayne, C.E.G. (2006). Systematic review of prevalence studies of autism spectrum disorders. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91(1), 8–15. Published online 2005 Apr 29. DOI: 10.1136/adc.2004.062083
Williams, K., MacDermott,S., Ridley, G., Glasson, E. J. & Wray, J. A. (2008). The prevalence of autism in Australia. Can it be established from existing data? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 44, 504–510.
Wing, L. & Potter, D. (2002). The epidemiology of autistic spectrum disorders: is the prevalence rising? Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 8, 151–161.
Wong, C., Odom, S. L., Hume, K. A., Cox, A. W., Fettig, A., Kucharczyk, S., . . . Schultz, T. R. (2015). Evidence-based practices for children, youth, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder: A comprehensive review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 1951-1966.
Zablotsky, B., Black, L. I., Maenner, M. J., Schieve, L. A., & Blumberg, S. J. (2015). Estimated prevalence of autism and other developmental disabilities following questionnaire changes in the 2014 National Health Interview Survey (National Health Statistics Reports No. 87. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
