College and Career Readiness in Elementary Schools
Keywords:
Career development, college and career readiness, elementary educationAbstract
This conceptual article will provide an in-depth exploration of the relevant literature focused on college and career readiness interventions in elementary schools. Beginning with a theoretical framework, a rationale is provided for early intervention by elementary school counselors. While professional guidelines and standards exist supporting early college and career readiness interventions, research outlining evidence-based practices at the elementary level is scarce. Existing practices used by school counselors are outlined.
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References
American School Counselor Association. (2003). The ASCA national model: A framework for school counseling programs. Alexandria, VA: Author.
American School Counselor Association (2014). Mindsets and behaviors for student success: K-12 college-and career-readiness standards for every student. Alexandria, VA: Author.
Auger, R.W., Blackhurst, A.E., & Wahl, K.H. (2005). The development of elementary-aged children’s career aspirations and expectations. Professional School Counseling, 8(4), 322-329. Retrieved from https://bluehawk.monmouth.edu:2443/login?url=https://bluehawk.monmouth.edu:4764/docview/213310863?accountid=12532
Blackhurst, A.E., & Auger, R.W. (2008). Precursors to the gender gap in college enrollment: Children’s aspirations and expectations for their futures. Professional School Counseling, 11(3), 149-158. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2010-11.149
Campbell, C.A., & Dahir, C.A. (1997). The national standards for school counseling programs. Alexandria, VA: American School Counseling Association.
Carnevale, A.P., Smith, N., & Strohl, J. (June 2010). Help wanted: Projections of jobs and education requirements through 2018. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. Retrieved from https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/help-wanted/
Carnevale, A.P., Smith, N., & Strohl, J. (2014). Recovery: Job growth and education requirements through 2020. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. Retrieved from https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bit stream/handle/10822/559311/Recovery2020.FR.Web.pdf?sequence=1
Communities in Schools. (2015). Fall 2015 Annual Report. Retrieved fromhttp://www.communitiesinschools org/about/publications/publication/national-impact-report-fall-2015
Ginzberg, E. (1952). Toward a theory of occupational choice. Occupations, 30, 491-494.
Ginzberg, E., Ginsburg, S.W., Axelrad, S., & Herma, J.L. (1951). Occupational choice: An approach to a general theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gottfredson, L.S. (1981). Circumscription and compromise: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations. Journal of Counseling Psychology Monograph, 28, 545-579.
Havighurst, R. (1964). Youth in exploration and man emergent. In H. Borow (Ed.), Man in a world at work (pp.215-236). Boston: Houghlin Mifflin.
Knight, J.L. (2015). Preparing elementary school counselors to promote career development: Recommendations for school counselor education programs. Journal of Career Development, 42(2), 75-85.doi: 10.1177/0894845314533745
Mariani, M., Berger, C., Koerner, K., & Sandlin, C. (2016). Operation occupation: A college and career readiness intervention for elementary students (Practitioner-focused research). Professional School Counseling, 20(1), 65-76. doi:10.5330/1096-2409-20.1.65
Niles, S.G., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2005). Career development interventions in the 21st century (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
National Office for School Counselor Advocacy. (2012). Elementary school counselor’s guide: NOSCA’s eight components of college and career readiness counseling. New York, NY: The College Board.
Paisley, P.O., & Hubbard, G.T. (1994). Developmental school counseling programs: From theory to practice. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Reach Higher. (2015). Reach Higher Initiative. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/reach-higher
Seligman, L., Weinstock, L., & Heflin, E.N. (1991). The career development of 10 year olds. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 25, 172-181.
Super, D. E. (1990). A life-span, life-space, approach to career development. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Trice, A.D., & McClellan, N. (1994). Does childhood matter? A rationale for the inclusion of childhood theories of career decision. California Association for Counseling and Development Journal, 14, 35-44.
Wood, C., & Kaszubowski, Y. (2008). The career development needs of rural elementary school students. The Elementary School Journal, 108 (5), 431-444.
Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career counseling: A holistic approach (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks Cole.
American School Counselor Association (2014). Mindsets and behaviors for student success: K-12 college-and career-readiness standards for every student. Alexandria, VA: Author.
Auger, R.W., Blackhurst, A.E., & Wahl, K.H. (2005). The development of elementary-aged children’s career aspirations and expectations. Professional School Counseling, 8(4), 322-329. Retrieved from https://bluehawk.monmouth.edu:2443/login?url=https://bluehawk.monmouth.edu:4764/docview/213310863?accountid=12532
Blackhurst, A.E., & Auger, R.W. (2008). Precursors to the gender gap in college enrollment: Children’s aspirations and expectations for their futures. Professional School Counseling, 11(3), 149-158. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2010-11.149
Campbell, C.A., & Dahir, C.A. (1997). The national standards for school counseling programs. Alexandria, VA: American School Counseling Association.
Carnevale, A.P., Smith, N., & Strohl, J. (June 2010). Help wanted: Projections of jobs and education requirements through 2018. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. Retrieved from https://cew.georgetown.edu/cew-reports/help-wanted/
Carnevale, A.P., Smith, N., & Strohl, J. (2014). Recovery: Job growth and education requirements through 2020. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. Retrieved from https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bit stream/handle/10822/559311/Recovery2020.FR.Web.pdf?sequence=1
Communities in Schools. (2015). Fall 2015 Annual Report. Retrieved fromhttp://www.communitiesinschools org/about/publications/publication/national-impact-report-fall-2015
Ginzberg, E. (1952). Toward a theory of occupational choice. Occupations, 30, 491-494.
Ginzberg, E., Ginsburg, S.W., Axelrad, S., & Herma, J.L. (1951). Occupational choice: An approach to a general theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gottfredson, L.S. (1981). Circumscription and compromise: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations. Journal of Counseling Psychology Monograph, 28, 545-579.
Havighurst, R. (1964). Youth in exploration and man emergent. In H. Borow (Ed.), Man in a world at work (pp.215-236). Boston: Houghlin Mifflin.
Knight, J.L. (2015). Preparing elementary school counselors to promote career development: Recommendations for school counselor education programs. Journal of Career Development, 42(2), 75-85.doi: 10.1177/0894845314533745
Mariani, M., Berger, C., Koerner, K., & Sandlin, C. (2016). Operation occupation: A college and career readiness intervention for elementary students (Practitioner-focused research). Professional School Counseling, 20(1), 65-76. doi:10.5330/1096-2409-20.1.65
Niles, S.G., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2005). Career development interventions in the 21st century (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
National Office for School Counselor Advocacy. (2012). Elementary school counselor’s guide: NOSCA’s eight components of college and career readiness counseling. New York, NY: The College Board.
Paisley, P.O., & Hubbard, G.T. (1994). Developmental school counseling programs: From theory to practice. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Reach Higher. (2015). Reach Higher Initiative. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/reach-higher
Seligman, L., Weinstock, L., & Heflin, E.N. (1991). The career development of 10 year olds. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 25, 172-181.
Super, D. E. (1990). A life-span, life-space, approach to career development. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Trice, A.D., & McClellan, N. (1994). Does childhood matter? A rationale for the inclusion of childhood theories of career decision. California Association for Counseling and Development Journal, 14, 35-44.
Wood, C., & Kaszubowski, Y. (2008). The career development needs of rural elementary school students. The Elementary School Journal, 108 (5), 431-444.
Zunker, V.G. (2006). Career counseling: A holistic approach (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks Cole.
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Published
2018-01-04
How to Cite
Pulliam, N., & Bartek, S. (2018). College and Career Readiness in Elementary Schools. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 10(3), 355–360. Retrieved from https://iejee.com/index.php/IEJEE/article/view/415
