Migration and Immigrants in Textbooks (Turkey and US Sample)
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Apr 12, 2020
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Abstract
In this research, it is discussed how migration and immigrant issues were examined in a comparative way in textbooks in Turkey and the United States. For this purpose, Life Studies and Social Studies textbooks of both countries were determined and of how migration and immigrants in terms were handled comparatively in these books. This research is a descriptive study. Document analysis technique was used for data collection. Both countries are trying to present the concepts of migration and immigrant under the student acquisition and competence related to cultural differences in curriculum. Overall, is the knowledge is given of what kind of migration and immigrant in Turkey's textbooks at the same time it is seen that contact with immigrants and tried to give the idea of integrating them into society to help them streamline their behalf. In the US textbooks, it is seen that the concepts of migration and immigrant are given meaning and the difficulties faced by immigrants are emphasized. More emphasis on immigrants is that they can achieve significant success as a US citizen and maintain their culture comfortably.
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DÜNDAR, Hakan; KENYON, Elizabeth.
Migration and Immigrants in Textbooks (Turkey and US Sample).
International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 4, p. 359-370, apr. 2020.
ISSN 1307-9298.
Available at: <https://iejee.com/index.php/IEJEE/article/view/1050>. Date accessed: 04 june 2020.
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References
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kabul. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 58-83.
Aksoy, Z. (2012). “Uluslar arası göç ve kültürlerarası iletişim”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar
Dergisi, 5(20), 292-303.
Alegría, M., Álvarez, K., & Di Marzio, K. (2017). Immigration and Mental Health. Current Epidemiology
Reports, 4(2), 145-155.
Bardsley, D.K. & Hugo, G.J., (2010). Migration and climate change: examining thresholds of change to
guide effective adaptation decision-making. Popul Environ 32, 238–262.
Bel-Air, F. D., (2016). Migration profile: Turkey. Policy Brief. Issue 2016/09 December, 2016 European
University Institute Migration Policy Center. Retrieved from: http://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/45145/MPC_PB_2016_09.pdf
Berson, M.J., Howard, T.C. & Salinas, C. (2007). Social studies, a child’ view (OHIO), Harcourt School
Publishers, Florida.
Berson, M.J., Howard, T.C. & Salinas, C. (2007). Social studies, people we know, (Berson, Howard &
Salinas, 2007) (OHIO), Harcourt School Publishers, Florida.
Berson, M.J., Howard, T.C. & Salinas, C. (2007). Social studies, our communities, (Berson, Howard &
Salinas, 2007) (OHIO), Harcourt School Publishers, Florida.
Browne D.T., Kumar, A., Puente-Duran, S., Georgiades, K., Leckie, G., Jenkins, J. (2017)
Emotional problems among recent immigrants and parenting status: Findings from a national longitudinal study of immigrants in Canada. PLOS ONE 12(4):e0175023. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0175023
Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration, distress and cultural identity. British Medical Bulletin. 69:1–13.
Bhugra, D. & Becker, M. A. (2005). Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity.World
Psychiatry (WPA), 4(1), 18-24.
Boyle-Baise, M., Hsu, M., Johnnson, S., Serriere, S. C., & Stewart, D. (2008). Putting reading first:
Teaching social studies in elementary classrooms. Theory and Research in Social Education, 36(3), 233-255. doi: 10.1080/00933104.2008.10473374
Büyüköztürk Ş, Çakmak EK, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, & Demirel F. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma
yöntemleri. (9. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
Castles, S. & Miller, M. J.(2008), Göçler çağı modern dünyada uluslar arası göç hareketleri, (Çev. B. U.
Bal, İ. Akbulut), İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 257.
Chuang, S. S. & Gielen, U. P. (2009). Understanding immigrant families from around the world:
Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(3), 275-278.
Çelikbaş, E., Gürel, F. & Özcan, M.( 2018). İlkokul hayat bilgisi 3, MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
Davies, L.C. & McKelvey, R.S. (1998). Emotional and behavioural problems and competencies among
immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,32, 658−665, doi:10.3109/00048679809113120
Demir, E. (2018). İlkokul hayat bilgisi 1, Kök Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Dubey,S. & Mallah, V. (2015): Migration: causes and effects. The Business & Management Review,
Volume 5 Number 4.
Emin, M.N. (2018). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli çocukların devlet okullarında karşılaştığı sorunlar ankara ili
örneği, Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans tezi.
Erol, M. & Ersever, O. G. (2014), Göç krizi ve göç krizine müdahale, Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisi, Cilt
24, Sayı 1, 47-68.
Fitchett, P. G., & Heafner, T. L. (2010). A national perspective on the effects of highstakes testing and
standardization on elementary social studies marginalization. Theory & Research in Social Education, 38(1), 114-130. doi: 10.1080/00933104.2010.10473418
Garrett, K.E. (Ed.) (2006). Living in America: Challenges facing new immigrants and refugees.
Princeton, N.J: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Göç İdaresi (2019). http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik3/gecici-koruma_363_378_4713
Gür, N. (2017). Ülke deneyimleri ışığında uluslararası göç ekonomisi, SETA Yayınları.
Hall, E. & Cuellar, N. G. (2016) “Immigrant health in the united states: a trajectory toward change”
Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 27(6) 611–626.
Hintermann, C. (2009) Migration and memory in Austria: representations of migrations in a reluctant
ımmigration country. Finnish Journal of Ethnicity and Migration, vol. 4, no 2/2009: 4-16.
Hunter, L.M., (2005). Migration and environmental hazards. Population Environment 26, 273–302.
International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2018). World mıgratıon report 2018, Geneva: IOM.
Available from https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2018_en.pdf
International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2013). International migration, health and human
rights. Geneva: IOM. Available fromhttps://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/WHO_IOM_UNOHCHRPublication.pdf
IOM. (2009) Göç terimleri sözlüğü.
Retrieved fromhttp://goc.gov.tr/files/files/goc_terimleri_sozlugu(1).pdf
Kaushik, V. & Drolet, J. (2018). Settlement and integration needs of skilled immigrants in
Canada. Social Sciences, 7(76), 1-14.
Kirmayer L.J, Narasiah L, Munoz M, Rashid M,Ryder AG, Guzder J, Hassan G, Rousseau C, & Pottie K.
(2011). Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care. Can Med Assoc J. 183(12):E959–E967. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090292.
Koçak, Y. & Terzi, E. (2012). Türkiye’de göç olgusu, göç edenlerin kentlere olan etkileri ve çözüm
önerileri. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3): 163-184.
Kuşkaya, Ç. (2018). İlkokul hayat bilgisi 2, İpekyolu Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Kyaing Kyaing, T. (2013). Pull and push factors of migration: a case study in the urban area of
monywa township, Myanmar. Lecturer in the Department of Statistics at the Institute of Economics in Monywa, Myanmar. http://www.goftavard.gq.
Landale, N. S., Thomas,K.J.A. & Van Hook. J. (2011). The living arrangements of children of
ımmigrants. Future of Children 21:43–70
Leeman, Y. & Ledoux, G. (2003). Intercultural education in dutch schools. Curriculum Inquiry, 33 (4),
385- 399.
López, G., Bialik, K., & Radford, J. (2018). Key findings about U.S. immigrants. Pew Research Center.
Retrieved from: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/11/30/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/
Lundquist, J.H. & Massey, D.S., (2005). Politics or economics? ınternational migration during the
Nicaraguan Contra War. Journal of Latin American Studies, 37, 29–53.
MEBa. (2018). Hayat bilgisi öğretim programı
1-3. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2018122171428547-HAYAT%20B%C4%B0LG%C4%B0S%C4%B0%C3%96%C4%9ERET%C4%B0M%20PROGRAMI.pdf
Mood, C., Jonsson, J. O. & Brolin Låftman, S. (2016). Immigrant integration and youth mental health
in four European countries. European Sociological Review, 32(6), 716-729
Morrice, L. Shan, H. & Sprung, A. (2017). Migration, adult education and learning, Studies in the
Education of Adults, 49:2, 129-135.
Naz, Y. (2015). Türkiye’nin uluslar arası göç politikası ve uluslar arası göçün Türkiye’deki güncel
sorunları, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Ohio Department of Education (2017). Ohio’s learning standards: Social Studies (OLSSS). Retrieved
from http://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Social-Studies/Ohio-s-Learning-Standards-for-Social-Studies/SS-Standards.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US
Ojeda, L., Flores, L. Y., Rosales, R. & Morales, A. (2011). Culturally competent qualitative research
with Latino immigrants. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 33, 184–203. doi:10.1177/0739986311402626
Patton M.Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. (M Bütün, SB Demir Çev.). Ankara:
Pegem Akademi.
Portes, A. & Rivas, A. (2011). The adaptation of migrant children. Future of Children 21(1): 219–246.
Rubinstein-Avila, E. (2017) Immigration and education: what should k-12 teachers, school
administrators, and staff know?, the clearing house: a journal of educational strategies, Issues and Ideas, 90:1, 12-17
Skeldon, R. (1997), Migration and development, Longman:England.
Soysal, Y. N. (2005) ‘Projections of Identity in French and German History and Civics Textbooks’, in
Hanna Schissler & Yasemin Nuhoğlu Soysal (eds.) The nation, Europe, and the world: textbooks and curricula in transition, New York: Berghahn Books.
Stodolska, M. (2008). Adaptation processes among young immigrants: An integrative review. Journal
of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 6(1), 34-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15362940802119203
Suarez-Orozco, C. & Suarez-Orozco, M.M. (2001). Children of immigraiton. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.
Şahin, C. (2001).“Yurt dışı göçün bireyin psikolojik sağlığı üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin kuramsal bir
inceleme”.G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 21(2): 57-67.
Taş, Y. & Özcan, S. (2013). Türkiye’de iç göçün yoksulluğa ve istihdama etkileri. International
Conference on Eurasian Economies. Session 1B: Büyüme ve Gelişme, 289- 298, Petersburg, Russia.
Tienda M. & Haskins, R. (2011). Immigrant children: ıntroducing the ıssue. The Future of
Children. 21:3–18.
Türnüklü, A. (2000). Eğitim bilim araştırmalarında etkin olarak kullanılabilecek nitel araştırma tekniği:
görüşme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 24, 543-559
United Nations (2015). Trends in ınternational immigrant stock: migrants by destination and origin,
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15html
Van Ausfale, D., & Feagin, J. R. (2001). The First R: How children learn race and racism. Lanham, MD:
Rowman & Littlefield
Worbs, S. (2003). The second generation in Germany: between school and labor market. The
International Migration Review, 37 (04), 1011-1038.
Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara:Seçkin
Yılmaz, A. (2014). “Uluslararası göç: çeşitleri, nedenleri ve etkileri”. Turkish Studies- International
Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic. 9(2): 1685-1704
Zimmerman, C., Kiss, L., & Hossain, M. (2011). Migration and health: a framework for 21st century
policy-making. PLOS Medicine, 8(5), e1001034.
kabul. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 58-83.
Aksoy, Z. (2012). “Uluslar arası göç ve kültürlerarası iletişim”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar
Dergisi, 5(20), 292-303.
Alegría, M., Álvarez, K., & Di Marzio, K. (2017). Immigration and Mental Health. Current Epidemiology
Reports, 4(2), 145-155.
Bardsley, D.K. & Hugo, G.J., (2010). Migration and climate change: examining thresholds of change to
guide effective adaptation decision-making. Popul Environ 32, 238–262.
Bel-Air, F. D., (2016). Migration profile: Turkey. Policy Brief. Issue 2016/09 December, 2016 European
University Institute Migration Policy Center. Retrieved from: http://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/45145/MPC_PB_2016_09.pdf
Berson, M.J., Howard, T.C. & Salinas, C. (2007). Social studies, a child’ view (OHIO), Harcourt School
Publishers, Florida.
Berson, M.J., Howard, T.C. & Salinas, C. (2007). Social studies, people we know, (Berson, Howard &
Salinas, 2007) (OHIO), Harcourt School Publishers, Florida.
Berson, M.J., Howard, T.C. & Salinas, C. (2007). Social studies, our communities, (Berson, Howard &
Salinas, 2007) (OHIO), Harcourt School Publishers, Florida.
Browne D.T., Kumar, A., Puente-Duran, S., Georgiades, K., Leckie, G., Jenkins, J. (2017)
Emotional problems among recent immigrants and parenting status: Findings from a national longitudinal study of immigrants in Canada. PLOS ONE 12(4):e0175023. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0175023
Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration, distress and cultural identity. British Medical Bulletin. 69:1–13.
Bhugra, D. & Becker, M. A. (2005). Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity.World
Psychiatry (WPA), 4(1), 18-24.
Boyle-Baise, M., Hsu, M., Johnnson, S., Serriere, S. C., & Stewart, D. (2008). Putting reading first:
Teaching social studies in elementary classrooms. Theory and Research in Social Education, 36(3), 233-255. doi: 10.1080/00933104.2008.10473374
Büyüköztürk Ş, Çakmak EK, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, & Demirel F. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma
yöntemleri. (9. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
Castles, S. & Miller, M. J.(2008), Göçler çağı modern dünyada uluslar arası göç hareketleri, (Çev. B. U.
Bal, İ. Akbulut), İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 257.
Chuang, S. S. & Gielen, U. P. (2009). Understanding immigrant families from around the world:
Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(3), 275-278.
Çelikbaş, E., Gürel, F. & Özcan, M.( 2018). İlkokul hayat bilgisi 3, MEB Yayınları, Ankara.
Davies, L.C. & McKelvey, R.S. (1998). Emotional and behavioural problems and competencies among
immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,32, 658−665, doi:10.3109/00048679809113120
Demir, E. (2018). İlkokul hayat bilgisi 1, Kök Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Dubey,S. & Mallah, V. (2015): Migration: causes and effects. The Business & Management Review,
Volume 5 Number 4.
Emin, M.N. (2018). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli çocukların devlet okullarında karşılaştığı sorunlar ankara ili
örneği, Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans tezi.
Erol, M. & Ersever, O. G. (2014), Göç krizi ve göç krizine müdahale, Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisi, Cilt
24, Sayı 1, 47-68.
Fitchett, P. G., & Heafner, T. L. (2010). A national perspective on the effects of highstakes testing and
standardization on elementary social studies marginalization. Theory & Research in Social Education, 38(1), 114-130. doi: 10.1080/00933104.2010.10473418
Garrett, K.E. (Ed.) (2006). Living in America: Challenges facing new immigrants and refugees.
Princeton, N.J: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Göç İdaresi (2019). http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik3/gecici-koruma_363_378_4713
Gür, N. (2017). Ülke deneyimleri ışığında uluslararası göç ekonomisi, SETA Yayınları.
Hall, E. & Cuellar, N. G. (2016) “Immigrant health in the united states: a trajectory toward change”
Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 27(6) 611–626.
Hintermann, C. (2009) Migration and memory in Austria: representations of migrations in a reluctant
ımmigration country. Finnish Journal of Ethnicity and Migration, vol. 4, no 2/2009: 4-16.
Hunter, L.M., (2005). Migration and environmental hazards. Population Environment 26, 273–302.
International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2018). World mıgratıon report 2018, Geneva: IOM.
Available from https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2018_en.pdf
International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2013). International migration, health and human
rights. Geneva: IOM. Available fromhttps://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/WHO_IOM_UNOHCHRPublication.pdf
IOM. (2009) Göç terimleri sözlüğü.
Retrieved fromhttp://goc.gov.tr/files/files/goc_terimleri_sozlugu(1).pdf
Kaushik, V. & Drolet, J. (2018). Settlement and integration needs of skilled immigrants in
Canada. Social Sciences, 7(76), 1-14.
Kirmayer L.J, Narasiah L, Munoz M, Rashid M,Ryder AG, Guzder J, Hassan G, Rousseau C, & Pottie K.
(2011). Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care. Can Med Assoc J. 183(12):E959–E967. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090292.
Koçak, Y. & Terzi, E. (2012). Türkiye’de göç olgusu, göç edenlerin kentlere olan etkileri ve çözüm
önerileri. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3): 163-184.
Kuşkaya, Ç. (2018). İlkokul hayat bilgisi 2, İpekyolu Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Kyaing Kyaing, T. (2013). Pull and push factors of migration: a case study in the urban area of
monywa township, Myanmar. Lecturer in the Department of Statistics at the Institute of Economics in Monywa, Myanmar. http://www.goftavard.gq.
Landale, N. S., Thomas,K.J.A. & Van Hook. J. (2011). The living arrangements of children of
ımmigrants. Future of Children 21:43–70
Leeman, Y. & Ledoux, G. (2003). Intercultural education in dutch schools. Curriculum Inquiry, 33 (4),
385- 399.
López, G., Bialik, K., & Radford, J. (2018). Key findings about U.S. immigrants. Pew Research Center.
Retrieved from: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/11/30/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/
Lundquist, J.H. & Massey, D.S., (2005). Politics or economics? ınternational migration during the
Nicaraguan Contra War. Journal of Latin American Studies, 37, 29–53.
MEBa. (2018). Hayat bilgisi öğretim programı
1-3. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2018122171428547-HAYAT%20B%C4%B0LG%C4%B0S%C4%B0%C3%96%C4%9ERET%C4%B0M%20PROGRAMI.pdf
Mood, C., Jonsson, J. O. & Brolin Låftman, S. (2016). Immigrant integration and youth mental health
in four European countries. European Sociological Review, 32(6), 716-729
Morrice, L. Shan, H. & Sprung, A. (2017). Migration, adult education and learning, Studies in the
Education of Adults, 49:2, 129-135.
Naz, Y. (2015). Türkiye’nin uluslar arası göç politikası ve uluslar arası göçün Türkiye’deki güncel
sorunları, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Ohio Department of Education (2017). Ohio’s learning standards: Social Studies (OLSSS). Retrieved
from http://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Social-Studies/Ohio-s-Learning-Standards-for-Social-Studies/SS-Standards.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US
Ojeda, L., Flores, L. Y., Rosales, R. & Morales, A. (2011). Culturally competent qualitative research
with Latino immigrants. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 33, 184–203. doi:10.1177/0739986311402626
Patton M.Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. (M Bütün, SB Demir Çev.). Ankara:
Pegem Akademi.
Portes, A. & Rivas, A. (2011). The adaptation of migrant children. Future of Children 21(1): 219–246.
Rubinstein-Avila, E. (2017) Immigration and education: what should k-12 teachers, school
administrators, and staff know?, the clearing house: a journal of educational strategies, Issues and Ideas, 90:1, 12-17
Skeldon, R. (1997), Migration and development, Longman:England.
Soysal, Y. N. (2005) ‘Projections of Identity in French and German History and Civics Textbooks’, in
Hanna Schissler & Yasemin Nuhoğlu Soysal (eds.) The nation, Europe, and the world: textbooks and curricula in transition, New York: Berghahn Books.
Stodolska, M. (2008). Adaptation processes among young immigrants: An integrative review. Journal
of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 6(1), 34-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15362940802119203
Suarez-Orozco, C. & Suarez-Orozco, M.M. (2001). Children of immigraiton. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.
Şahin, C. (2001).“Yurt dışı göçün bireyin psikolojik sağlığı üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin kuramsal bir
inceleme”.G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 21(2): 57-67.
Taş, Y. & Özcan, S. (2013). Türkiye’de iç göçün yoksulluğa ve istihdama etkileri. International
Conference on Eurasian Economies. Session 1B: Büyüme ve Gelişme, 289- 298, Petersburg, Russia.
Tienda M. & Haskins, R. (2011). Immigrant children: ıntroducing the ıssue. The Future of
Children. 21:3–18.
Türnüklü, A. (2000). Eğitim bilim araştırmalarında etkin olarak kullanılabilecek nitel araştırma tekniği:
görüşme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 24, 543-559
United Nations (2015). Trends in ınternational immigrant stock: migrants by destination and origin,
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15html
Van Ausfale, D., & Feagin, J. R. (2001). The First R: How children learn race and racism. Lanham, MD:
Rowman & Littlefield
Worbs, S. (2003). The second generation in Germany: between school and labor market. The
International Migration Review, 37 (04), 1011-1038.
Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara:Seçkin
Yılmaz, A. (2014). “Uluslararası göç: çeşitleri, nedenleri ve etkileri”. Turkish Studies- International
Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic. 9(2): 1685-1704
Zimmerman, C., Kiss, L., & Hossain, M. (2011). Migration and health: a framework for 21st century
policy-making. PLOS Medicine, 8(5), e1001034.