Understanding School Happiness: The Influence of Justice Disposition and Demographic-Social and Behavioral Factors
- Cüneyt Akar
- Beyhan Can Kaya
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of justice disposition and various demographic and behavioral factors on the school happiness of 2nd to 4th-grade students (ages 8–10) in Türkiye’s Aegean Region. Data were collected from 1,065 students using the Justice Disposition Scale and the School Happiness Scale. Results revealed a high level of school happiness (76%) and a strong sense of justice (78.5%) among students. Justice disposition, behavioral adaptation, and maternal education were the strongest predictors of happiness. Students who received positive feedback and maintained strong peer relationships reported significantly higher happiness levels. Maternal education also positively contributed to their well-being. In contrast, excessive use of digital devices, frequent TV watching, and having more siblings were associated with lower happiness, likely due to reduced social interaction, limited parental attention, and time management challenges. Female students reported higher happiness than males. Variables such as age, income, place of residence, and academic achievement did not show significant effects. These findings underscore the importance of fostering justice, emotional support, and family engagement to promote student well-being in primary education.
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